IBO

aqui o guia co todas as informações: https://www.ibo-info.org/pdf/IBO-Guide.pdf

 Programa

I
(20 %)4
Cell biology :
Structure and function of cells
•
Chemical components
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Monosaccharides; disaccharides; polysaccharides
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Lipids
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Proteins: amino acids, three letter symbol; structure of
proteins;
.
chemical classification of proteins:
simple proteins and conjugated proteins
.
functional classification of proteins:
structural proteins and enzymes
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Enzymes
.
Chemical structure: apoenzyme and coenzyme
.
Model for enzyme action: enzyme binds with substrate
.
Denaturation
4
Percentage representing points in the test
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Appendix I: content Theoretical part
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International Biology Olympiad
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Nomenclature
Nucleic Acids : DNA, RNA
Other important compounds
.
ADP and ATP
.
NAD+ and NADH
.
NADP+ and NADPH
Organelles
nucleus
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cytoplasm -
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nuclear envelope
(nucleohyaloplasm)
chromosomes
nucleoli
cell membrane
hyaloplasm
mitochondria
endoplasmatic reticulum
ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
lysosomes
vacuole membrane
proplastides
plastides
.
chloroplasts
.
chromoplasts
.
leucoplasts (e.g. amyloplasts)
Plant cells are surrounded with a cell wall
•
•
Cell metabolism
- Breakdown of carbohydrates
.
Anaerobic break down (anaerobic respiration) of glucose:
glycolysis
.
Aerobic break down (aerobic respiration) of glucose:
glycolysis
citric acid cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
- Dissimilation of fats and proteins
- Assimilation
.
Photosynthesis
.
Light reaction
.
Dark reaction (Calvin cycle)
Protein synthesis
- Transcription
- Translation
- Genetic code
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Appendix I: content Theoretical part
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International Biology Olympiad
Transport through membranes
- Diffusion
- Osmosis, plasmolysis
- Active transport
Mitosis and meiosis
- Cell cycle: interphase (replication) and mitosis (prophase -
metaphase - anaphase - telophase)
- Chromatids, equatorial plate, haploid and diploid, genome,
somatic and generative cells, gamete, crossing over
- Meiosis I and meiosis II.
Microbiology
•
Prokaryotic cell organization
•
Morphology
•
Phototrophy and chemotrophy
Biotechnology
•
Fermentation
•
Genetic manipulation of organisms
II Plant anatomy and physiology
(with emphasis on seed plants)
(15 %)
Structure and function of tissues and organs involved in:
•
•
•
•
Photosynthesis, transpiration and gas exchange
- Leaf : structure; function stomata
Transport of water, minerals and assimilates
- Root : structure (endodermis)
- Stem : structure (vascular bundles)
Growth and development
- Apical meristem and cambium
- Germination
Reproduction (ferns and mosses included)
- Asexual reproduction (clone forming)
- Sexual reproduction
. Structure of flowers
. Pollination
. Double fertilization
- Alternation of generation in seed plants, ferns and mosses
III Animal anatomy and physiology
(with emphasis on vertebrates and especially man)
Structure and function of organs and tissues involved in
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(25 %)
Appendix I: content Theoretical part
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International Biology Olympiad
Digestion and nutrition
- Digestive tract (including liver, gall bladder and pancreas)
- Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
- Absorption
- Food components (water, minerals, vitamins, proteins,
carbohydrates and fats)
Respiration
- Breathing mechanism
- Gas exchange
- Respiratory organs
Circulation
- Blood : blood plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, blood
platelets
- Blood circulation : arteries, capillaries, veins, heart
- Lymphatic system : tissue fluid, lymph
Excretion
- Structure of the renal system
- Urine production
Regulation (neural and hormonal)
- Nervous system : peripheral nervous system, central nervous
system (spinal cord and brain), autonomic nervous system
(sympathetic and parasympathetic), reflexes, sense organs (eyes
and ears)
- Endocrine system : pituitary gland, thyroid gland, islets of
Langerhans, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, ovaries and testes
Reproduction and development
- Structure and function of male and female reproductive systems
- Ovulation and menstrual cycle
- Fertilization
- Formation of ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
- Embryonic membranes
Immunity
- Antigens, antibodies
IV Ethology
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•
•
•
•
•
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(5 %)
Methodology of Ethology
Innate and Learned Behavior
Communication and Social Organization
Foraging Behavior
Defensive Behavior
Mating systems and Parental care
Biological rhythms
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Appendix I: content Theoretical part
International Biology Olympiad
V Genetics and Evolution
• Variation : mutation and modification
  • Mendelian inheritance
     - Monohybrid cross
    - Dihybrid cross
   - Polyhybrid cross
  Multiple allelism, recombination, sex linkage
 Hardy-Weinberg principle
Mechanism of evolution
- Mutation
- Natural selection
- Reproductive isolation
- Adaptation
- Fitness
•
•
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(20 %)
VI Ecology
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•
•
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(10 %)
Individual Organisms
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Unitary and modular organisms
Population
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Population structure
.
dispersion, age, size and sex structure
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Population dynamics
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birth rate, death rate
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exponential and logistic growth, carrying capacity
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Population regulation
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metapopulation dynamics
Biotic Communities
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Species richness and diversity
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Niche, competition exclusion principle
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Interspecific Interactions
.
competition, predation, symbiosis
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Community dynamics
.
succession
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Terrestrial biomes
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Aquatic biomes
Ecosystems
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Trophic structure
.
food webs
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Trophic levels
.
producers, consumers, decomposers
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Energy flow
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Productivity
.
gross and net primary productivity
.
energy transfer efficiencies
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Appendix I: content Theoretical part
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International Biology Olympiad
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Matter flux through ecosystems
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Global biogeochemical cycles
Biosphere and man
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Human population growth
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Pollution
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threats of biodiversity
.
in situ conservation
.
ex situ conservation
VII BIOSYSTEMATICS
(5 %)
Structure and function, evolutionary and ecological relationships among
typical organisms in the following groups. Knowledge of scientific terms
will not be required for successful solution of the tasks. However, competi-
tors should know what the named representatives of genera mentioned
below look like.
Domain Archaea Methanobacterium, Halobacte-
              rium,Thermoplasma, Sulfolobus
Domain Bacteria Agrobacterium, Anabaena, Bacil-
               lus, Escherichia, Rhizobium, Sal-
              monella, Streptomyces
Domain Eukarya
Kingdom Protista
D. Rhodophyta
D. Phaeophyta
D. Bacillariophyta
D. Euglenophyta
D. Chlorophyta
Chondrus
Sargassum
Navicula
Euglena
Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra,
Chlorella, Ulothrix
Amoeba
Trypanosoma
Plasmodium
Paramecium
P. Rhizopoda
P. Zoomastigophora
P. Apicomplexa
P. Ciliophora
Kingdom Fungi
D. Zygomycota
D. Ascomycota
Mucor
Claviceps, Penicillium, Saccharo-
myces
Agaricus
D. Basidiomycota
Kingdom Plantae
D. Bryophyta
D. Hepatophyta
D. Rhynophyta
Polytrichum, Sphagnum
Marchantia
Rhynia
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Appendix I: content Theoretical part
International Biology Olympiad
D. Lycopodiophyta
D. Equisetophyta
D. Polypodiophyta
D. Ginkgophyta
D. Pinophyta
D. Cycadophyta
D. Magnoliophyta
C. Magnoliopsida
F. Magnoliaceae
F. Ranunculaceae
F. Rosaceae
F. Fabaceae
F. Oleaceae
F. Fagaceae
F. Cactaceae
F. Brassicaceae
F. Lamiaceae
F. Solanaceae
F. Asteraceae
C. Liliopsida
F. Liliaceae
F. Orchidaceae
F. Poaceae
F. Arecaceae
F. Araceae
Lycopodium
Equisetum
Pteridium
Ginkgo
Pinus
Cycas
Magnolia
Ranunculus, Pulsatilla
Rosa, Malus, Prunus
Pisum
Syringa
Quercus
Opuntia
Brassica
Lamium
Solanum
Helianthus
Lilium, Allium
Orchis
Zea, Triticum, Bambusa
Cocos
Monstera
Kingdom Animalia
P. Porifera
P. Cnidaria
C. Hydrozoa
C. Scyphozoa
C. Anthozoa
P. Platyhelminthes
C. Turbellaria
C. Trematoda
C. Cestoda
P. Nematoda
P. Mollusca
C. Gastropoda
C. Bivalvia
C. Cephalopoda
P. Annelida
C. Polychaeta
C. Oligochaeta
C. Hirudinea
P. Arthropoda
SP. Crustacea
Euspongia
Hydra
Aurelia
Corallium
Polycellis
Fasciola
Taenia
Ascaris, Trichinella
Helix, Arion
Ostrea, Mytilus
Sepia, Octopus
Nereis
Lumbricus
Hirudo
Astacus, Daphnia, Cyclops
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Appendix I: content Theoretical part
International Biology Olympiad
SP.
Chelicerata
C. Arachnida
SP. Myriapoda
C. Chilopoda
C. Diplopoda
SP. Hexapoda
C. Insecta
O. Thysanura
O. Odonata
O. Blattodea
O. Phasmatodea
O. Isoptera
O. Orthoptera
O. Phthiraptera
O. Hemiptera
SO. Homoptera
SO. Heteroptera
O. Coleoptera
Euscorpius, Araneus, Ixodes
Scolopendra
Julus
Lepisma
Libellula
Blatta
Carausius
Kalothermes
Gryllus, Locusta
Pediculus
Aphis, Cicada
Gerris, Nepa, Cimex
Calosoma, Leptinotarsa,
Ips,Tenebrio, Dytiscus
Anopheles, Drosophila, Musca
Papilio, Bombyx
Ichneumon, Apis, Formica
Pulex
O. Diptera
O. Lepidoptera
O. Hymenoptera
O. Siphonaptera
P. Echinodermata
C. Asteriodia
C. Echinoidea
C. Holothuroidea
P. Chordata
SP. Urochordata
SP. Cephalochordata
SP. Vertebrata
S
C. Agantha
S
C. Gnathostomata
C. Chondrichthyes
C. Osteichthyes
SC. Actinopterygii
Asterias
Echinus
Holothuria
Ascidia
Branchiostoma
Petromyzon
Scyliorhinus, Carcharodon
Acipenser, Clupea, Salmo,
Carassius, Muraena
Lepidosiren, Latimeria
SC.
Sarcopterygii
C. Amphibia
O. Caudata
O. Anura
C. Reptilia
O. Testudinata
O. Crocodylia
O. Squamata
C. Aves
O. Struthioniformes
Salamandra
Rana, Bufo
Testudo
Crocodylus
Lacerta, Vipera
Struthio
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Appendix I: content Theoretical part
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O. Sphenisciformes
O. Ciconiiformes
O. Anseriformes
O. Falconiformes
O. Galliformes
O. Columbiformes
O. Strigiformes
O. Piciformes
O. Passeriformes
C. Mammalia
O. Monotremata
O. Marsupialia
O. Insectivora
O. Chiroptera
O. Rodentia
O. Carnivora
O. Proboscidea
O. Perissodactyla
O. Artiodactyla
O. Cetacea
O. Primates
Spheniscus
Ciconia
Anser
Falco
Gallus
Columba
Strix
Dryocopus
Parus, Passer
Ornithorhynchus
Macropus
Erinaceus, Talpa
Myotis
Mus, Rattus
Ursus, Canis, Felis
Elephas
Equus
Sus, Bos
Delphinus
Cebus, Macaca, Hylobates, Pan,
Gorilla, Pongo, Homo
“Virales”
“Lichenes”
Bacteriophage
Parmelia, Cladonia
 

Questões de Exemplo

https://www.ibo-info.org/pdf/IBO-Sample-Questions-Theory.pdf/view

https://www.cee.org/programs/usabo/study-guides

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